DIRA 1.0: Atlas of Drug-induced Rhabdomyolysis

SIMVASTATIN

DIR Classification Postmarketing Surveillance Drug Property Information Reference

DIR Classification

Classification:Most-DIR concern

Severity Score:4

Description in Drug Labeling: View Full Labeling: SPL in DailyMed | PDF

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacokinetics
Simvastatin is a lactone that is readily hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding β-hydroxyacid, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is the basis for an assay in pharmacokinetic studies of the β-hydroxyacid metabolites (active inhibitors) and, following base hydrolysis, active plus latent inhibitors (total inhibitors) in plasma following administration of simvastatin.
The pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and simvastatin acid, following administration of the 80 mg Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating tablet and 240 mL water at 1 minute post-dosing, were comparable to those following administration of the simvastatin immediate release 80 mg tablet taken with 240 mL water.
Following an oral dose of 14C-labeled simvastatin in man, 13% of the dose was excreted in urine and 60% in feces. Plasma concentrations of total radioactivity (simvastatin plus 14C-metabolites) peaked at 4 hours and declined rapidly to about 10% of peak by 12 hours postdose. Since simvastatin undergoes extensive first-pass extraction in the liver, the availability of the drug to the general circulation is low (<5%).
Both simvastatin and its β-hydroxyacid metabolite are highly bound (approximately 95%) to human plasma proteins. Rat studies indicate that when radiolabeled simvastatin was administered, simvastatin-derived radioactivity crossed the blood-brain barrier.
The major active metabolites of simvastatin present in human plasma are the β-hydroxyacid of simvastatin and its 6′-hydroxy, 6′-hydroxymethyl, and 6′-exomethylene derivatives. Peak plasma concentrations of both active and total inhibitors were attained within 1.3 to 2.4 hours postdose. While the recommended therapeutic dose range is 5 to 80 mg/day, there was no substantial deviation from linearity of AUC of inhibitors in the general circulation with an increase in dose to as high as 120 mg. Relative to the fasting state, the plasma profile of inhibitors was not affected when simvastatin was administered immediately before an American Heart Association recommended low-fat meal.
In a study including 16 elderly patients between 70 and 78 years of age who received simvastatin 40 mg/day, the mean plasma level of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was increased approximately 45% compared with 18 patients between 18-30 years of age. Clinical study experience in the elderly (n=1522), suggests that there were no overall differences in safety between elderly and younger patients (see PRECAUTIONS, GERIATRIC USE).
Kinetic studies with another reductase inhibitor, having a similar principal route of elimination, have suggested that for a given dose level higher systemic exposure may be achieved in patients with severe renal insufficiency (as measured by creatinine clearance).
In a study of 12 healthy volunteers, simvastatin at the 80-mg dose had no effect on the metabolism of the probe cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates midazolam and erythromycin. This indicates that simvastatin is not an inhibitor of CYP3A4, and, therefore, is not expected to affect the plasma levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Although the mechanism is not fully understood, cyclosporine has been shown to increase the AUC of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The increase in AUC for simvastatin acid is presumably due, in part, to inhibition of CYP3A4.
The risk of myopathy is increased by high levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity in plasma. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can raise the plasma levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and increase the risk of myopathy (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS and PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS).
Gemfibrozil: Coadministration of gemfibrozil (600 mg twice daily for 3 days) with simvastatin (40 mg daily) resulted in clinically significant increases in simvastatin acid AUC (185%) and Cmax (112%), possibly due to inhibition of simvastatin acid glucuronidation by gemfibrozil (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS, PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Fenofibrate: Coadministration of fenofibrate (160 mg daily) with simvastatin (80 mg daily) for 7 days had no effect on plasma AUC (and Cmax) of either total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity or fenofibric acid; there was a modest reduction (approximately 35%) of simvastatin acid which was not considered clinically significant (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS, PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS).
Simvastatin is a substrate for CYP3A4 (see PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS). Grapefruit juice contains one or more components that inhibit CYP3A4 and can increase the plasma concentrations of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. In one study1, 10 subjects consumed 200 mL of double-strength grapefruit juice (one can of frozen concentrate diluted with one rather than 3 cans of water) three times daily for 2 days and an additional 200 mL double-strength grapefruit juice together with, and 30 and 90 minutes following, a single dose of 60 mg simvastatin on the third day. This regimen of grapefruit juice resulted in mean increases in the concentration (as measured by the area under the concentration-time curve) of active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity [measured using a radioenzyme inhibition assay both before (for active inhibitors) and after (for total inhibitors) base hydrolysis] of 2.4-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively, and of simvastatin and its β-hydroxyacid metabolite [measured using a chemical assay — liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry] of 16-fold and 7-fold, respectively. In a second study, 16 subjects consumed one 8 oz glass of single-strength grapefruit juice (one can of frozen concentrate diluted with 3 cans of water) with breakfast for 3 consecutive days and a single dose of 20 mg simvastatin in the evening of the third day. This regimen of grapefruit juice resulted in a mean increase in the plasma concentration (as measured by the area under the concentration-time curve) of active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity [using a validated enzyme inhibition assay different from that used in the first1 study, both before (for active inhibitors) and after (for total inhibitors) base hydrolysis] of 1.13-fold and 1.18-fold, respectively, and of simvastatin and its β-hydroxyacid metabolite [measured using a chemical assay — liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry] of 1.88-fold and 1.31-fold, respectively. The effect of amounts of grapefruit juice between those used in these two studies on simvastatin pharmacokinetics has not been studied.
WARNINGS
Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis
Simvastatin, like other inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, occasionally causes myopathy manifested as muscle pain, tenderness or weakness with creatine kinase (CK) above ten times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Myopathy sometimes takes the form of rhabdomyolysis with or without acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria, and rare fatalities have occurred. The risk of myopathy is increased by high levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity in plasma.
As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, the risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis is dose related. In a clinical trial database in which 41,050 patients were treated with simvastatin with 24,747 (approximately 60%) treated for at least 4 years, the incidence of myopathy was approximately 0.02%, 0.08% and 0.53% at 20, 40 and 80 mg/day, respectively. In these trials, patients were carefully monitored and some interacting medicinal products were excluded.
All patients starting therapy with simvastatin or whose dose of simvastatin is being increased, should be advised of the risk of myopathy and told to report promptly any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness. Simvastatin therapy should be discontinued immediately if myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. In most cases, muscle symptoms and CK increases resolved when treatment was promptly discontinued. Periodic CK determinations may be considered in patients starting therapy with simvastatin or whose dose is being increased, but there is no assurance that such monitoring will prevent myopathy.
Many of the patients who have developed rhabdomyolysis on therapy with simvastatin have had complicated medical histories, including renal insufficiency usually as a consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Such patients merit closer monitoring. Therapy with simvastatin should be temporarily stopped a few days prior to elective major surgery and when any major medical or surgical condition supervenes.
The risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis is increased by concomitant use of simvastatin with the following:
Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4: Simvastatin, like several other inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). When simvastatin is used with a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, elevated plasma levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity can increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, particularly with higher doses of simvastatin.
Prescribing recommendations for interacting agents are summarized in Table 8
PRECAUTIONS
Information for Patients
Patients should be advised about substances they should not take concomitantly with simvastatin and be advised to report promptly unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness (see LIST below and WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS). Patients should also be advised to inform other physicians prescribing a new medication that they are taking Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets.
Drug Interactions
CYP3A4 Interactions
Simvastatin is metabolized by CYP3A4 but has no CYP3A4 inhibitory activity; therefore it is not expected to affect the plasma concentrations of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 (below) increase the risk of myopathy by reducing the elimination of simvastatin.
See WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS, and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACOKINETICS.
Interactions with lipid-lowering drugs that can cause myopathy when given alone
See WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS.
The risk of myopathy is increased by gemfibrozil (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION) and to a lesser extent by other fibrates and niacin (nicotinic acid) (≥1 g/day).
Other drug interactions
Cyclosporine or Danazol
The risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis is increased by concomitant administration of cyclosporine or danazol particularly with higher doses of simvastatin (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACOKINETICS; WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS).
Amiodarone or Verapamil
The risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis is increased by concomitant administration of amiodarone or verapamil with higher doses of simvastatin (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS).
Geriatric Use
A pharmacokinetic study with simvastatin showed the mean plasma level of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity to be approximately 45% higher in elderly patients between 70-78 years of age compared with patients between 18-30 years of age. In 4S, 1,021 (23%) of 4,444 patients were 65 or older. In 4S, lipid-lowering efficacy was at least as great in elderly patients compared with younger patients. In this study, simvastatin significantly reduced total mortality and CHD mortality in elderly patients with a history of CHD. In HPS, 52% of patients were elderly (4,891 patients 65-69 years and 5,806 patients 70 years or older). The relative risk reductions of CHD death, non-fatal MI, coronary and non-coronary revascularization procedures, and stroke were similar in older and younger patients (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). In HPS, among 32,145 patients entering the active run-in period, there were 2 cases of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis; these patients were aged 67 and 73. Of the 7 cases of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis among 10,269 patients allocated to simvastatin, 4 were aged 65 or more (at baseline), of whom one was over 75. There were no overall differences in safety between older and younger patients in either 4S or HPS.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Heart Protection Study
Clinical Adverse Experiences
In HPS (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, CLINICAL STUDIES), involving 20,536 patients treated with simvastatin 40 mg/day (n=10,269) or placebo (n=10,267), the safety profiles were comparable between patients treated with simvastatin and patients treated with placebo over the mean 5 years of the study. In this large trial, only serious adverse events and discontinuations due to any adverse events were recorded. Discontinuation rates due to adverse experiences were comparable (4.8% in patients treated with simvastatin compared with 5.1% in patients treated with placebo). The incidence of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis was <0.1% in patients treated with simvastatin.
The following effects have been reported with drugs in this class. Not all the effects listed below have necessarily been associated with simvastatin therapy.
Skeletal: muscle cramps, myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, arthralgias.
Neurological: dysfunction of certain cranial nerves (including alteration of taste, impairment of extra-ocular movement, facial paresis), tremor, dizziness, vertigo, memory loss, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral nerve palsy, psychic disturbances, anxiety, insomnia, depression.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: An apparent hypersensitivity syndrome has been reported rarely which has included one or more of the following features: anaphylaxis, angioedema, lupus erythematous-like syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, dermatomyositis, vasculitis, purpura, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, positive ANA, ESR increase, eosinophilia, arthritis, arthralgia, urticaria, asthenia, photosensitivity, fever, chills, flushing, malaise, dyspnea, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Gastrointestinal: pancreatitis, hepatitis, including chronic active hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, fatty change in liver, and, rarely, cirrhosis, fulminant hepatic necrosis, and hepatoma; anorexia, vomiting.
Skin: alopecia, pruritus. A variety of skin changes (e.g., nodules, discoloration, dryness of skin/mucous membranes, changes to hair/nails) have been reported.
Reproductive: gynecomastia, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction.
Eye: progression of cataracts (lens opacities), ophthalmoplegia.
Laboratory Abnormalities: elevated transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and bilirubin; thyroid function abnormalities.
Laboratory Tests
Marked persistent increases of serum transaminases have been noted (see WARNINGS, LIVER DYSFUNCTION). About 5% of patients had elevations of CK levels of 3 or more times the normal value on one or more occasions. This was attributable to the noncardiac fraction of CK. Muscle pain or dysfunction usually was not reported (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS).
Concomitant Lipid-Lowering Therapy
In controlled clinical studies in which simvastatin was administered concomitantly with cholestyramine, no adverse reactions peculiar to this concomitant treatment were observed. The adverse reactions that occurred were limited to those reported previously with simvastatin or cholestyramine. The combined use of simvastatin at doses exceeding 10 mg/day with gemfibrozil should be avoided (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS).
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Concomitant Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets are effective alone or when used concomitantly with bile-acid sequestrants. If Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets are used in combination with gemfibrozil, the dose of Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets should not exceed 10 mg/day (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS and PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS).
Patients taking Cyclosporine or Danazol
In patients taking cyclosporine or danazol concomitantly with Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS), therapy should begin with 5 mg/day and should not exceed 10 mg/day. Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets are not available in the 5 mg dosage strength. Other simvastatin 5 mg tablets should be used if a 5 mg dose is needed.
Patients taking Amiodarone or Verapamil
In patients taking amiodarone or verapamil concomitantly with Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets, the dose should not exceed 20 mg/day (see WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS and PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS, OTHER DRUG INTERACTIONS).
Patients with Renal Insufficiency
Because Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets do not undergo significant renal excretion, modification of dosage should not be necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency. However, caution should be exercised when Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets are administered to patients with severe renal insufficiency; such patients should be started at 5 mg/day and be closely monitored (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACOKINETICS and WARNINGS, MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS). Simvastatin Orally Disintegrating Tablets are not available in the 5 mg dosage strength. Other simvastatin 5 mg tablets should be used if a 5 mg dose is needed.

Postmarketing Surveillance

Contingency Table:

Current Drug

Other Drugs

Rhabdomyolysis

5721

37191

Other ADRs

32522

14084757

Odds Ratio = 66.621

Drug Property Information

ATC Code(s):

C10BX04 - simvastatin

C10BX - "HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, other combinations"
C10B - "LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS, COMBINATIONS"
C10 - LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS
C - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

C10BA02 - simvastatin

C10BA - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors in combination with other lipid modifying agents
C10B - "LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS, COMBINATIONS"
C10 - LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS
C - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

C10BA04 - simvastatin

C10BA - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors in combination with other lipid modifying agents
C10B - "LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS, COMBINATIONS"
C10 - LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS
C - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A10BH51 - simvastatin

A10BH - Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
A10B - "BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS"
A10 - DRUGS USED IN DIABETES
A - ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

C10AA01 - simvastatin

C10AA - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
C10A - "LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS, PLAIN"
C10 - LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS
C - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

C10BX01 - simvastatin

C10BX - "HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, other combinations"
C10B - "LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS, COMBINATIONS"
C10 - LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS
C - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Active Ingredient:simvastatin

Active Ingredient UNII:AGG2FN16EV

Drugbank ID:DB00641

PubChem Compound:54454

CAS Number:79902-63-9

Dosage Form(s):tablet, orally disintegrating

Route(s) Of Administrator:oral

Daily Dose:

30.0 mg/day C10AA01

Chemical Structure:

SMILE Code:
CCC(C)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@H](C=C2[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C=C2)C)CC[C@@H]3C[C@H](CC(=O)O3)O)C

Reference

COHORT STUDY:

1: HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment.

[HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group, Eur Heart J. 2013 May;34(17):1279-91.]

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Niacin has potentially favourable effects on lipids, but its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is uncertain. HPS2-THRIVE is a large randomized trial assessing the effects of extended release (ER) niacin in patients at high risk of vascular events.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Prior to randomization, 42 424 patients with occlusive arterial disease were given simvastatin 40 mg plus, if required, ezetimibe 10 mg daily to standardize their low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. The ability to remain compliant with ER niacin 2 g plus laropiprant 40 mg daily (ERN/LRPT) for ~1 month was then assessed in 38 369 patients and about one-third were excluded (mainly due to niacin side effects). A total of 25 673 patients were randomized between ERN/LRPT daily vs. placebo and were followed for a median of 3.9 years. By the end of the study, 25% of participants allocated ERN/LRPT vs. 17% allocated placebo had stopped their study treatment. The most common medical reasons for stopping ERN/LRPT were related to skin, gastrointestinal, diabetes, and musculoskeletal side effects. When added to statin-based LDL-lowering therapy, allocation to ERN/LRPT increased the risk of definite myopathy [75 (0.16%/year) vs. 17 (0.04%/year): risk ratio 4.4; 95% CI 2.6-7.5; P < 0.0001]; 7 vs. 5 were rhabdomyolysis. Any myopathy (definite or incipient) was more common among participants in China [138 (0.66%/year) vs. 27 (0.13%/year)] than among those in Europe [17 (0.07%/year) vs. 11 (0.04%/year)]. Consecutive alanine transaminase >3× upper limit of normal, in the absence of muscle damage, was seen in 48 (0.10%/year) ERN/LRPT vs. 30 (0.06%/year) placebo allocated participants.
CONCLUSION: The risk of myopathy was increased by adding ERN/LRPT to simvastatin 40 mg daily (with or without ezetimibe), particularly in Chinese patients whose myopathy rates on simvastatin were higher. Despite the side effects of ERN/LRPT, among individuals who were able to tolerate it for ~1 month, three-quarters continued to take it for ~4 years.

PMID: 23444397

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38: A pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction model of simvastatin and clarithromycin in humans.

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42: Uremic toxins enhance statin-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated human rhabdomyosarcoma cells.

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44: Synthesis and characterization of cationic polymeric nanoparticles as simvastatin carriers for enhancing the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

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50: [Rhabdomyolysis and severe hepatotoxicity due to a drug-drug interaction between ritonavir and simvastatin. Could we use the most cost-effective statin in all human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients?].

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54: Low vitamin D as a risk factor for the development of myalgia in patients taking high-dose simvastatin: a retrospective review.

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55: Simvastatin dose and risk of rhabdomyolysis: nested case-control study based on national health and drug dispensing data.

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57: Predictors and outcomes of increases in creatine phosphokinase concentrations or rhabdomyolysis risk during statin treatment.

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59: Neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with statins: epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention and management.

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61: Comparative efficacy and adverse effects of the addition of ezetimibe to statin versus statin titration in chronic kidney disease patients.

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66: SLCO1B1 genetic variant associated with statin-induced myopathy: a proof-of-concept study using the clinical practice research datalink.

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67: Should anyone still be taking simvastatin 80 mg?

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69: Statins as a potential risk factor for autoimmune diseases: a case report and review.

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70: Statin toxicity from macrolide antibiotic coprescription: a population-based cohort study.

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71: Severe rhabdomyolysis associated with concurrent use of simvastatin and sirolimus after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in a kidney transplant recipient.

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73: Drug-drug interactions between HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and antiviral protease inhibitors.

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74: Ubiquinol rescues simvastatin-suppression of mitochondrial content, function and metabolism: implications for statin-induced rhabdomyolysis.

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75: Characterization of Statin-Associated Myopathy Case Reports in Thailand Using the Health Product Vigilance Center Database.

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77: Assessment of statin-associated muscle toxicity in Japan: a cohort study conducted using claims database and laboratory information.

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78: Preparation of calcium phosphate nanocapsules including simvastatin/deoxycholic acid assembly, and their therapeutic effect in osteoporosis model mice.

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79: HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment.

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85: Patient with hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease treated with atorvastatin and omega-3 Fatty Acid ethyl esters.

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88: Use of administrative data to estimate the incidence of statin-related rhabdomyolysis.

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90: Statin therapy, myopathy and exercise--a case report.

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91: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 7-2012. A 79-year-old man with pain and weakness in the legs.

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93: Daily and intermittent rosuvastatin 5 mg therapy in statin intolerant patients: an observational study.

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94: Is it OK to eat or drink grapefruit products when I'm taking a statin?

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96: Fatal rhabdomyolysis in a patient with liver cirrhosis after switching from simvastatin to fluvastatin.

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97: Simvastatin impairs ADP-stimulated respiration and increases mitochondrial oxidative stress in primary human skeletal myotubes.

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99: Successful re-challenge of daptomycin therapy after initial rhabdomyolysis with co-administration of simvastatin.

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100: Adverse events associated with individual statin treatments for cardiovascular disease: an indirect comparison meta-analysis.

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101: Retrospective study on antihyperlipidemic efficacy and safety of simvastatin, ezetimibe and their combination in Korean adults.

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102: Evaluation of a pharmacist-managed amiodarone monitoring program.

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104: Effects of myosin heavy chain (MHC) plasticity induced by HMGCoA-reductase inhibition on skeletal muscle functions.

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105: Simvastatin as add-on therapy to interferon β-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SIMCOMBIN study): a placebo-controlled randomised phase 4 trial.

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106: Reversal of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis on bone scan.

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Clin Nucl Med.2011 Aug;36(8):e101-2. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31821c9ac1. PMID: 21716004

107: Concomitant use of simvastatin and amiodarone resulting in severe rhabdomyolysis: a case report and review of the literature.

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Acta Clin Belg.2011 Mar-Apr;66(2):134-6. PMID: 21630612

108: Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure due to itraconazole and simvastatin association.

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Drug Metabol Drug Interact.2011;26(2):79-80. doi: 10.1515/DMDI.2011.106. Epub 2011 Apr 18. PMID: 21495875

109: Are all statins the same? Focus on the efficacy and tolerability of pitavastatin.

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Am J Cardiovasc Drugs.2011;11(2):93-107. doi: 10.2165/11591190-000000000-00000. PMID: 21446776

110: Rhabdomyolysis in a Prostate Cancer Patient Taking Ketoconazole and Simvastatin: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

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Ann Pharmacother.2011 Feb;45(2):e9. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P433. PMID: 21304039

111: [Genetic marker of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis].

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Yakugaku Zasshi.2011 Feb;131(2):247-53. PMID: 21297370

112: By the way, doctor. I've been advised not to take my statin drug, simvastatin, with grapefruit juice. But is it safe to take the medication at night and then drink grapefruit juice in the morning?

[Robb-Nicholson Celeste]
Harv Womens Health Watch.2010 Oct;18(2):8. PMID: 21268318

113: [High dose of simvastatin to minimize the risk of myopathy?].

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Med Monatsschr Pharm.2010 Sep;33(9):354-5. PMID: 21192445

114: Rhabdomyolysis with simvastatin.

[Patel Brijesh R,Choudhury Maitrayee]
BMJ Case Rep.2011 Jan 11;2011. pii: bcr1220092552. doi: 10.1136/bcr.12.2009.2552. PMID: 22715232

115: Statin-associated rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure complicated by intradialytic NSTEMI: a review of lipid management considerations.

[Kar Subrata,Chockalingam Anand]
Am J Ther.2013 Jan;20(1):57-60. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181ff7c79. PMID: 21192242

116: [Complete atrioventricular block due to hyperkalemia caused by rhabdomyolysis during treatment with statin].

[Grabka Marek,Wita Krystian,Berger-Kucza Adrianna,Bochenek Tomasz,Turski Maciej,Trusz-Gluza Maria]
Kardiol Pol.2010 Dec;68(12):1376-8; discussion 1379. PMID: 21174295

117: [88 years old woman with acute muscular weakness and diffuse muscular pain: have you thought about the drugs?].

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Praxis (Bern 1994).2010 Dec 1;99(24):1507-11. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157/a000324. PMID: 21125536

118: Rhabdomyolysis following co-prescription of fusidic acid and atorvastatin.

[Teckchandani S,Robertson S,Almond A,Donaldson K,Isles C]
J R Coll Physicians Edinb.2010 Mar;40(1):33-6. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2010.108. PMID: 21125037

119: Rhabdomyolysis in a patient receiving high-dose simvastatin after the induction of therapeutic hypothermia.

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Ann Pharmacother.2010 Dec;44(12):1994-7. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P352. Epub 2010 Nov 2. PMID: 21045169

120: Rhabdomyolysis in a patient receiving ranolazine and simvastatin.

[Hylton Ann C,Ezekiel Tanya O]
Am J Health Syst Pharm.2010 Nov 1;67(21):1829-31. doi: 10.2146/ajhp090299. PMID: 20966146

121: Statins alter intracellular calcium homeostasis in malignant hyperthermia susceptible individuals.

[Metterlein T,Schuster F,Tadda L,Hager M,Roewer N,Anetseder M]
Cardiovasc Ther.2010 Dec;28(6):356-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00237.x. Epub 2010 Oct 19. PMID: 20955541

122: Results of a safety initiative for patients on concomitant amiodarone and simvastatin therapy in a Veterans Affairs medical center.

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J Manag Care Pharm.2010 Sep;16(7):472-81. PMID: 20726676

123: Concomitant administration of simvastatin and danazol associated with fatal rhabdomyolysis.

[Stankovic Ivan,Vlahovic-Stipac Alja,Putnikovic Biljana,Cvetkovic Zorica,Neskovic Aleksandar N]
Clin Ther.2010 May;32(5):909-14. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.04.017. PMID: 20685498

124: The risk for significant creatine kinase elevation with statins.

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Am J Cardiovasc Drugs.2010;10(3):187-92. doi: 10.2165/11536130-000000000-00000. PMID: 20524720

125: Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and fenofibric acid combination therapy versus simvastatin monotherapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized, double-blind study.

[Roth Eli M,McKenney James M,Kelly Maureen T,Setze Carolyn M,Carlson Dawn M,Gold Alex,Stolzenbach James C,Williams Laura A,Jones Peter H]
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs.2010;10(3):175-86. doi: 10.2165/11533430-000000000-00000. PMID: 20524719

126: Simvastatin-induced myoglobinuric acute kidney injury following ciclosporin treatment for alopecia universalis.

[Teutonico Annalisa,Libutti Pasquale,Lomonte Carlo,Basile Carlo]
NDT Plus.2010 Jun;3(3):273-275. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfq012. Epub 2010 Feb 28. PMID: 28657046

127: [Drug interaction caused by communication problems. Rhabdomyolysis due to a combination of itraconazole and simvastatin].

[Tiessen Renger G,Lagerwey Hendrik Jan G,Jager Gea J,Sprenger Herman G]
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.2010;154:A762. PMID: 20456775

128: Major diet-drug interactions affecting the kinetic characteristics and hypolipidaemic properties of statins.

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Nutr Hosp.2010 Mar-Apr;25(2):193-206. PMID: 20449528

129: [Renal failure due to simvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis in a patient with subclinical hypothyroidism].

[Requena Carrión E,Ayala Jiménez L,Sierra García F]
Farm Hosp.2010 Jan-Feb;34(1):45-6. doi: 10.1016/j.farma.2009.08.001. Epub 2010 Jan 19. PMID: 20144822

130: Long-term treatment with pitavastatin is effective and well tolerated by patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or combined dyslipidemia.

[Ose Leiv,Budinski Dragos,Hounslow Neil,Arneson Valerie]
Atherosclerosis.2010 May;210(1):202-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.009. Epub 2009 Dec 11. PMID: 20080236

131: Rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure triggered by the seasonal flu vaccination in a patient taking simvastatin.

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BMJ Case Rep.2010 Oct 4;2010. pii: bcr1120092485. doi: 10.1136/bcr.11.2009.2485. PMID: 22778082

132: Year two assessment of fenofibric acid and moderate-dose statin combination: a phase 3, open-label, extension study.

[Kipnes Mark S,Roth Eli M,Rhyne James M,Setze Carolyn M,Lele Aditya,Kelly Maureen T,Sleep Darryl J,Stolzenbach James C]
Clin Drug Investig.2010;30(1):51-61. doi: 10.2165/11319800-000000000-00000. PMID: 19995098

133: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome or a statin drug reaction? A case report.

[Cooper Joyce M,Jones Alison L]
Clin Neuropharmacol.2009 Nov-Dec;32(6):348-9. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e3181acc92d. PMID: 19952877

134: Does simvastatin cause more myotoxicity compared with other statins?

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Ann Pharmacother.2009 Dec;43(12):2012-20. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M410. Epub 2009 Nov 17. PMID: 19920157

135: Plasmapheresis in a patient with rhabdomyolysis: a case report.

[Swaroop Rohina,Zabaneh Raja,Parimoo Nakul]
Cases J.2009 Aug 12;2:8138. doi: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-8138. PMID: 19918458

136: [Lower and lower cholesterol targets increase adverse effects].

[Hjemdahl Paul,Allhammar Anette,Heaton Claire,Hulting Johan,Kahan Thomas,Malmström Rickard,Martinsson Arne,Rücker Franz,Schenck-Gustafsson Karin,Schwieler Jonas,Törnerud Mattias,Wettermark Björn,Forfattarna utgör Läkemedelssakkunnigas (Läksak) expert-grupp för hjärt-kärlsjukdomar,,Stockholms Iäns landsting]
Lakartidningen.2009 Sep 30-Oct 6;106(40):2550-1. PMID: 19908628

137: [Warning for simvastatin 80 mg!].

[Olsson Anders G]
Lakartidningen.2009 Sep 30-Oct 6;106(40):2549-50. PMID: 19908627

138: Decreased ubiquinone availability and impaired mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity associated with statin treatment.

[Duncan Andrew J,Hargreaves Iain P,Damian Maxwell S,Land John M,Heales Simon J R]
Toxicol Mech Methods.2009 Jan;19(1):44-50. doi: 10.1080/15376510802305047. PMID: 19778232

139: Rhabdomyolysis a result of azithromycin and statins: an unrecognized interaction.

[Strandell Johanna,Bate Andrew,Hägg Staffan,Edwards I Ralph]
Br J Clin Pharmacol.2009 Sep;68(3):427-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03473.x. PMID: 19740401

140: Short term treatment with clarithromycin resulting in colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis.

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J Clin Rheumatol.2009 Sep;15(6):303-5. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181bbbcd7. PMID: 19734738

141: Recovery time in a case of gemfibrozil and simvastatin-associated rhabdomyolysis.

[Cummins Dosha,Mackey Michael,Baker Erica]
South Med J.2009 Aug;102(8):858-60. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181ad6078. PMID: 19593291

142: Concurrent use of statins and amiodarone.

[Borders-Hemphill Vicky]
Consult Pharm.2009 May;24(5):372-9. PMID: 19555146

143: [Adverse muscle effects of a podofyllotoxin-containing cytotoxic drug product with simvastatin].

[Kaipiainen-Seppänen Oili,Savolainen Elina,Elfving Pia,Kononoff Aulikki]
Duodecim.2009;125(7):788-91. PMID: 19432085

144: Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to concomitant use of simvastatin with rapamycin plus tacrolimus in liver transplant patient.

[Dopazo C,Bilbao I,Lázaro J L,Sapisochin G,Caralt M,Blanco L,Castells L,Charco R]
Transplant Proc.2009 Apr;41(3):1021-4. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.02.019. PMID: 19376416

145: Efficacy and safety of fenofibric acid in combination with a statin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: Pooled analysis of three phase 3, 12-week randomized, controlled studies.

[Jones Peter H,Davidson Michael H,Goldberg Anne C,Pepine Carl J,Kelly Maureen T,Buttler Susan M,Setze Carolyn M,Lele Aditya,Sleep Darryl J,Stolzenbach James C]
J Clin Lipidol.2009 Apr;3(2):125-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2009.02.007. Epub 2009 Feb 11. PMID: 21291802

146: Rhabdomyolysis caused by co-medication with simvastatin and clarithromycin.

[Wagner Judith,Suessmair Christine,Pfister Hans-Walter]
J Neurol.2009 Jul;256(7):1182-3. doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-5078-6. Epub 2009 Mar 1. PMID: 19252767

147: Renal failure and rhabdomyolysis associated with sitagliptin and simvastatin use. But what about the amiodarone?

[Boucher B J]
Diabet Med.2009 Feb;26(2):192-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02659.x. PMID: 19236630

148: Rhabdomyolysis reports show interaction between simvastatin and CYP3A4 inhibitors.

[Rowan Christopher,Brinker Allen D,Nourjah Parivash,Chang Jennie,Mosholder Andrew,Barrett Jeffrey S,Avigan Mark]
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.2009 Apr;18(4):301-9. doi: 10.1002/pds.1711. PMID: 19206087

149: [Maximal initial dose of simvastatin causing acute renal failure through rhabdomyolysis: risk factors, pathomechanism and therapy related to a case].

[Deme Dániel,Al-Hadad Aref,Varga Tünde,Szántó Erika,Sándor Katalin,Rakonczai Ervin]
Orv Hetil.2009 Feb 8;150(6):265-9. doi: 10.1556/OH.2009.28498. PMID: 19179259

150: [Statin therapy and muscle disorders].

[Abel Tatjána,Fehér János]
Orv Hetil.2009 Feb 8;150(6):261-3. doi: 10.1556/OH.2009.28520. PMID: 19179258

151: Researchers worry about myopathy risk for patients taking high-dose simvastatin.

[Mitka Mike]
JAMA.2009 Jan 21;301(3):261-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.939. PMID: 19155447

152: Should high creatine kinase discourage the initiation or continuance of statins for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia?

[Glueck Charles J,Rawal Bishal,Khan Naseer Ahmed,Yeramaneni Samrat,Goldenberg Naila,Wang Ping]
Metabolism.2009 Feb;58(2):233-8. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.09.019. PMID: 19154957

153: Rhabdomyolysis due to an uncommon interaction of ciprofloxacin with simvastatin.

[Sawant R D]
Can J Clin Pharmacol.2009 Winter;16(1):e78-9. Epub 2009 Jan 16. PMID: 19151423

154: Possible mechanisms underlying statin-induced skeletal muscle toxicity in L6 fibroblasts and in rats.

[Itagaki Mai,Takaguri Akira,Kano Seiichiro,Kaneta Shigeru,Ichihara Kazuo,Satoh Kumi]
J Pharmacol Sci.2009 Jan;109(1):94-101. Epub 2009 Jan 8. PMID: 19129682

155: Rhabdomyolysis caused by an interaction of simvastatin and fusidic acid.

[Herring Roselle,Caldwell Gordon,Wade Stuart]
BMJ Case Rep.2009;2009. pii: bcr03.2009.1722. doi: 10.1136/bcr.03.2009.1722. Epub 2009 Sep 20. PMID: 21931583

156: Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to use of simvastatin in undiagnosed hypothyroidism.

[Qari Faiza A]
Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl.2009 Jan;20(1):127-9. PMID: 19112232

157: Myotonic potentials in statin-induced rhabdomyolysis.

[de Almeida Diogo Fraxino,Lissa Terezinha Valente,Melo Aluísio Cláudio Mentor Neves Couto]
Arq Neuropsiquiatr.2008 Dec;66(4):891-3. PMID: 19099134

158: Multiple drug interactions in a renal transplant patient leading to simvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis: a case report.

[Rifkin Stephen I]
Medscape J Med.2008;10(11):264. Epub 2008 Nov 19. PMID: 19099014

159: [Rhabdomyolysis and renal failure secondary to interaction between simvastatin, ciclosporin A and risperidone in an allogeneic stem cell transplantation patient].

[Vives Susana,Batlle Montserrat,Montané Eva,Ribera Josep-María]
Med Clin (Barc).2008 Nov 15;131(17):676. PMID: 19087798

160: A case of asymptomatic cytoplasmic body myopathy revealed by sinvastatin.

[Evangelista Teresinha,Ferro José,Pereira Pedro,de Carvalho Mamede]
Neuromuscul Disord.2009 Jan;19(1):66-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.10.008. Epub 2008 Dec 11. PMID: 19084404

161: Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with simvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: a phase 3, randomized, controlled study.

[Mohiuddin Syed M,Pepine Carl J,Kelly Maureen T,Buttler Susan M,Setze Carolyn M,Sleep Darryl J,Stolzenbach James C]
Am Heart J.2009 Jan;157(1):195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.08.027. Epub 2008 Nov 20. PMID: 19081418

162: Renal failure and rhabdomyolysis associated with sitagliptin and simvastatin use.

[Kao D P,Kohrt H E,Kugler J]
Diabet Med.2008 Oct;25(10):1229-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02536.x. PMID: 19046202

163: Long-term safety and efficacy of fenofibric acid in combination with statin therapy for the treatment of patients with mixed dyslipidemia.

[Bays Harold E,Jones Peter H,Mohiuddin Syed M,Kelly Maureen T,Sun Hsiaoming,Setze Carolyn M,Buttler Susan M,Sleep Darryl J,Stolzenbach James C]
J Clin Lipidol.2008 Dec;2(6):426-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.10.001. Epub 2008 Nov 12. PMID: 21291776

164: Interpretation of creatine kinase and aldolase for statin-induced myopathy: Reliance on serial testing based on biological variation.

[Wu Alan H B,Smith Andrew,Wians Frank]
Clin Chim Acta.2009 Jan;399(1-2):109-11. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.09.023. Epub 2008 Sep 26. PMID: 18848535

165: Clinical reasoning: rhabdomyolysis after combined treatment with simvastatin and fluconazole.

[Findling O,Meier N,Sellner J,Nedeltchev K,Arnold M]
Neurology.2008 Oct 7;71(15):e34-7. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000327566.57661.09. PMID: 18838657

166: Relative safety profiles of high dose statin regimens.

[Escobar Carlos,Echarri Rocio,Barrios Vivencio]
Vasc Health Risk Manag.2008;4(3):525-33. PMID: 18827903

167: [Bilateral leg compartment syndrome due to severe myonecrosis caused by inappropriate use of simvastatin].

[Chochola M,Lubanda J-C,Skalicka L,Varejka P,Horejs J,Prskavec T,Balík M,Semrád M,Linhart A]
J Mal Vasc.2008 Dec;33(4-5):229-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jmv.2008.07.092. Epub 2008 Sep 25. PMID: 18819764

168: These drugs don't mix.

Nursing.2008 Oct;38(10):12. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000337211.71313.95. PMID: 18812982

169: [Case of severe rhabdomyolosis after protracted overdose of simvastatin].

[Greve Tine]
Ugeskr Laeger.2008 Sep 15;170(38):2981. PMID: 18808756

170: Long-term (48-week) safety of ezetimibe 10 mg/day coadministered with simvastatin compared to simvastatin alone in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.

[Bays Harold,Sapre Aditi,Taggart William,Liu Ji,Capece Rachel,Tershakovec Andrew]
Curr Med Res Opin.2008 Oct;24(10):2953-66. doi: 10.1185/03007990802365094 . Epub 2008 Sep 8. PMID: 18782465

171: Combination drug products: an indication for medication reconciliation and pharmacist counseling.

[Stroup Jeffrey,Stephens Johnny]
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003).2008 Jul-Aug;48(4):541-3. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07058. PMID: 18653432

172: Pharmacogenomics and drug toxicity.

[Nakamura Yusuke]
N Engl J Med.2008 Aug 21;359(8):856-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe0805136. Epub 2008 Jul 23. PMID: 18650508

173: Rhabdomyolysis resulting from pharmacologic interaction between erlotinib and simvastatin.

[Veeraputhiran Muthu,Sundermeyer Mark]
Clin Lung Cancer.2008 Jul;9(4):232-4. doi: 10.3816/CLC.2008.n.036. PMID: 18650173

174: Simvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute renal injury.

[Waness Abdelkarim,Bahlas Sami,Al Shohaib Saad]
Blood Purif.2008;26(4):394-8. doi: 10.1159/000141931. Epub 2008 Jul 1. PMID: 18594138

175: Risk management of simvastatin or atorvastatin interactions with CYP3A4 inhibitors.

[Molden Espen,Skovlund Eva,Braathen Pia]
Drug Saf.2008;31(7):587-96. PMID: 18558792

176: [Creatine kinase increase under simvastatin--therapeutic consequences?].

[Rasche-Schürmann Celine C,Picksak Gesine,Stichtenoth Dirk O]
Med Monatsschr Pharm.2008 Jan;31(1):25-7. PMID: 18522017

177: Rhabdomyolysis after ezetimibe/simvastatin therapy in an HIV-infected patient.

[Chanson Noemie,Bossi Philippe,Schneider Luminita,Bourry Edward,Izzedine Hassane]
NDT Plus.2008 Jun;1(3):157-61. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn012. PMID: 25983864

178: A case of recurrent rapidly progressive lower limb weakness.

[Mahmoud Kamala,D'Costa Domnick,Dorrian Sue]
Age Ageing.2008 Jul;37(4):483. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afn104. Epub 2008 May 16. PMID: 18487263

179: Rhabdomyolysis induced by simvastatin-fluconazole combination.

[Hazin Ribhi,Abuzetun Jamil Y,Suker Manar,Porter Joann]
J Natl Med Assoc.2008 Apr;100(4):444-6. PMID: 18481486

180: Presumed interaction of fusidic acid with simvastatin.

[Burtenshaw A J,Sellors G,Downing R]
Anaesthesia.2008 Jun;63(6):656-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05434.x. PMID: 18477279

181: Tendinous disorders attributed to statins: a study on ninety-six spontaneous reports in the period 1990-2005 and review of the literature.

[Marie Isabelle,Delafenêtre Hélène,Massy Nathalie,Thuillez Christian,Noblet Catherine,Network of the French Pharmacovigilance Centers]
Arthritis Rheum.2008 Mar 15;59(3):367-72. doi: 10.1002/art.23309. PMID: 18311771

182: Incidence of adverse events with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in liver transplant patients.

[Martin Jill E,Cavanaugh Teresa M,Trumbull Leslie,Bass Maryetta,Weber Fredrick,Aranda-Michel Jaime,Hanaway Michael,Rudich Steven]
Clin Transplant.2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):113-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00780.x. PMID: 18217912

183: Estimating the extent of reporting to FDA: a case study of statin-associated rhabdomyolysis.

[McAdams Mara,Staffa Judy,Dal Pan Gerald]
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.2008 Mar;17(3):229-39. doi: 10.1002/pds.1535. PMID: 18175291

184: Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to the use of simvastatin in undiagnosed hypothyroidism.

[Qari F A]
Indian J Nephrol.2008 Jan;18(1):28-9. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.41287. PMID: 20368919

185: On call. Statins and muscle damage.

[Simon Harvey B]
Harv Mens Health Watch.2007 Aug;12(1):8. PMID: 18018322

186: Acute renal failure and myalgia in a transplant patient.

[Najafian Behzad,Franklin Donald B,Fogo Agnes B]
J Am Soc Nephrol.2007 Nov;18(11):2870-4. Epub 2007 Oct 17. PMID: 17942960

187: [Rhabdomyolysis caused by the association of simvastatin and risperidone].

[Patier José Luis,Ferrere Federico,Moreno-Cobo María Angeles,Echaniz Ana]
Med Clin (Barc).2007 Sep 29;129(11):439. PMID: 17927942

188: Rapid onset of muscle weakness (rhabdomyolysis) associated with the combined use of simvastatin and colchicine.

[Justiniano Maria,Dold Sylvia,Espinoza Luis R]
J Clin Rheumatol.2007 Oct;13(5):266-8. PMID: 17921794

189: A cautionary tale: delayed onset rhabdomyolysis due to erythromycin/simvastatin interaction.

[Campbell G,Jayakumar U,McCracken S,Bene J]
Age Ageing.2007 Sep;36(5):597. PMID: 17913761

190: Simvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis following cyclosporine treatment for uveitis.

[Lasocki Anita,Vote Brendan,Fassett Robert,Zamir Ehud]
Ocul Immunol Inflamm.2007 Jul-Aug;15(4):345-6. PMID: 17763133

191: Rhabdomyolysis after addition of digitoxin to chronic simvastatin and amiodarone therapy.

[Nägele H,Behrens S,Hashagen S,Azizi M]
Drug Metabol Drug Interact.2007;22(2-3):195-200. PMID: 17708069

192: CYP2D6*4 polymorphism is associated with statin-induced muscle effects.

[Frudakis Tony N,Thomas Matthew J,Ginjupalli Siva N,Handelin Barbara,Gabriel Richard,Gomez Hector J]
Pharmacogenet Genomics.2007 Sep;17(9):695-707. PMID: 17700359

193: Effect of the magnitude of lipid lowering on risk of elevated liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis, and cancer: insights from large randomized statin trials.

[Alsheikh-Ali Alawi A,Maddukuri Prasad V,Han Hui,Karas Richard H]
J Am Coll Cardiol.2007 Jul 31;50(5):409-18. Epub 2007 Jul 16. PMID: 17662392

194: Fatal toxic myopathy attributed to propofol, methylprednisolone, and cyclosporine after prior exposure to colchicine and simvastatin.

[Francis Lisa,Bonilla Eduardo,Soforo Ekaterina,Neupane Hom,Nakhla Hassan,Fuller Christine,Perl Andras]
Clin Rheumatol.2008 Jan;27(1):129-31. Epub 2007 Jul 13. PMID: 17628739

195: Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to concomitant use of simvastatin, amiodarone, and atazanavir.

[Schmidt Ginelle A,Hoehns James D,Purcell Jessica L,Friedman Robert L,Elhawi Yasir]
J Am Board Fam Med.2007 Jul-Aug;20(4):411-6. PMID: 17615423

196: [Interactions between statins and macrolide antibiotics].

[Molden Espen,Andersson Kirsti Svendsen,Jacobsen Dag]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen.2007 Jun 14;127(12):1660-1. PMID: 17571108

197: Therapeutic rationale of combining therapy with gemfibrozil and simvastatin.

[Curtin Patrick O,Jones William N]
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003).2007 Mar-Apr;47(2):140-6. PMID: 17510000

198: Meta-analysis of drug-induced adverse events associated with intensive-dose statin therapy.

[Silva Matthew,Matthews Michele L,Jarvis Courtney,Nolan Nicole M,Belliveau Paul,Malloy Michael,Gandhi Pritesh]
Clin Ther.2007 Feb;29(2):253-60. PMID: 17472818

199: Safety of aggressive lipid management.

[Davidson Michael H,Robinson Jennifer G]
J Am Coll Cardiol.2007 May 1;49(17):1753-62. Epub 2007 Apr 16. PMID: 17466224

200: Rosuvastatin: renal disorders and rhabdomyolysis.

Prescrire Int.2007 Apr;16(88):68-9. PMID: 17458050

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