1: Applying the CiPA approach to evaluate cardiac proarrhythmia risk of some antimalarials used off-label in the first wave of COVID-19.

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2: Drug-induced 'Torsade de Pointes' in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report.

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Eur Heart J Case Rep,2020 Jul 21;4(FI1):1-5. PMID: 33089050

3: Propofol abolishes torsade de pointes in different models of acquired long QT syndrome.

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Sci Rep,2020 Jul 22;10(1):12133. PMID: 32699382

4: The macrolide drug erythromycin does not protect the hERG channel from inhibition by thioridazine and terfenadine.

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Physiol Rep,2020 Mar;8(5):e14385. PMID: 32147975

5: The Use of iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Optical Mapping for Erythromycin Arrhythmogenicity Testing.

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Cardiovasc Toxicol,2019 Dec;19(6):518-528. PMID: 31165980

6: QTc prolongation during erythromycin used as prokinetic agent in ICU patients.

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Eur J Hosp Pharm,2018 May;25(3):118-122. PMID: 31157004

7: Progress in the Consideration of Possible Sex Differences in Drug Interaction Studies.

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Curr Drug Metab,2019;20(2):114-123. PMID: 30488793

8: Antiarrhythmic effect of antazoline in experimental models of acquired short- and long-QT-syndromes.

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Europace,2018 Oct 1;20(10):1699-1706. PMID: 29377987

9: Broad antiarrhythmic effect of mexiletine in different arrhythmia models.

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Europace,2018 Aug 1;20(8):1375-1381. PMID: 29016765

10: Additive Proarrhythmic Effect of Combined Treatment with QT-Prolonging Agents.

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Cardiovasc Toxicol,2018 Feb;18(1):84-90. PMID: 28612303

11: Drug safety of macrolide and quinolone antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital: administration of interacting co-medication and QT prolongation.

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Eur J Clin Pharmacol,2016 Jul;72(7):859-67. PMID: 27023463

12: Ventricular Standstill Following Intravenous Erythromycin and Borderline Hypokalemia.

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Eur J Case Rep Intern Med,2016 Feb 17;3(3):000375. PMID: 30755864

13: An antibiotic recipe for an arrhythmic disaster.

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14: Pro-Arrhythmic Effects of Noncardiac Medications: Lessons From Macrolide Antibiotics.

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J Am Coll Cardiol,2015 Nov 17;66(20):2185-2188. PMID: 26564595

15: Toxicity of macrolide antibiotics on isolated heart mitochondria: a justification for their cardiotoxic adverse effect.

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Xenobiotica,2016;46(1):82-93. PMID: 26068526

16: Erythromycin, QTc interval prolongation, and torsade de pointes: Case reports, major risk factors and illness severity.

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Ther Adv Infect Dis,2014 Apr;2(2):47-59. PMID: 25165555

17: Corrected QT-interval prolongation and variability in intensive care patients.

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18: Validation of visualized transgenic zebrafish as a high throughput model to assay bradycardia related cardio toxicity risk candidates.

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J Appl Toxicol,2012 Oct;32(10):834-42. PMID: 22744888

19: Whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique in the hERG channel assay to predict the ability of a compound to prolong QT interval.

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Curr Protoc Pharmacol,2012 Jun;Chapter 10:Unit 10.15.. PMID: 22684720

20: Advantages of azithromycin over erythromycin in improving the gastric emptying half-time in adult patients with gastroparesis.

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J Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010 Oct;16(4):407-13. PMID: 21103422

21: The cardiotoxicity of macrolides: a systematic review.

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Pharmazie,2010 Sep;65(9):631-40. PMID: 21038838

22: Drug-induced QT prolongation in cirrhotic patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

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23: Iatrogenic QT Abnormalities and Fatal Arrhythmias: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance.

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Curr Cardiol Rev,2009 Aug;5(3):166-76. PMID: 20676275

24: Erythromycin as a prokinetic agent: risk factors.

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25: Comparison of the effect of azithromycin versus erythromycin on antroduodenal pressure profiles of patients with chronic functional gastrointestinal pain and gastroparesis.

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Dig Dis Sci,2010 Mar;55(3):675-83. PMID: 19924535

26: The organic cation transporter, OCTN1, expressed in the human heart, potentiates antagonism of the HERG potassium channel.

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J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,2009 Jul;54(1):63-71. PMID: 19528813

27: I(Kr) channel blockade to unmask occult congenital long QT syndrome.

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28: Ketolides: pharmacological profile and rational positioning in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

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Expert Opin Pharmacother,2008 Feb;9(2):267-83. PMID: 18201149

29: In-vitro experimental models for the risk assessment of antibiotic-induced QT prolongation.

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Eur J Pharmacol,2007 Dec 22;577(1-3):222-32. PMID: 18074444

30: Azithromycin-induced torsade de pointes.

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Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,2007 Dec;30(12):1579-82. PMID: 18070319

31: Preclinical electrophysiology assays of mitemcinal (GM-611), a novel prokinetic agent derived from erythromycin.

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32: Detecting signals of drug-drug interactions in a spontaneous reports database.

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Br J Clin Pharmacol,2007 Oct;64(4):489-95. PMID: 17506784

33: In-vitro experimental models for the risk assessment of antibiotic-induced QT prolongation.

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Eur J Pharmacol,2006 Dec 28;553(1-3):229-39. PMID: 17054943

34: Reduced repolarization reserve due to anthracycline therapy facilitates torsade de pointes induced by IKr blockers.

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35: Differentiation of arrhythmia risk of the antibacterials moxifloxacin, erythromycin, and telithromycin based on analysis of monophasic action potential duration alternans and cardiac instability.

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36: Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by therapeutic drugs.

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37: Characterization of the inhibitory effects of erythromycin and clarithromycin on the HERG potassium channel.

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38: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A: relevant drug interactions in gastroenterology.

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39: Inhibitory effect of erythromycin on potassium currents in rat ventricular myocytes in comparison with disopyramide.

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40: Drug interaction between mosapride and erythromycin without electrocardiographic changes.

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41: Drugs that induce repolarization abnormalities cause bradycardia in zebrafish.

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42: Prescription of QT-prolonging drugs in a cohort of about 5 million outpatients.

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43: Blinded test in isolated female rabbit heart reliably identifies action potential duration prolongation and proarrhythmic drugs: importance of triangulation, reverse use dependence, and instability.

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44: QT prolongation and torsades de pointes associated with concurrent use of cisapride and erythromycin.

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45: Divergent proarrhythmic potential of macrolide antibiotics despite similar QT prolongation: fast phase 3 repolarization prevents early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes.

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46: Limited induction of torsade de pointes by terikalant and erythromycin in an in vivo model.

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47: Blockade of human cardiac potassium channel human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) by macrolide antibiotics.

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48: How important are gender differences in pharmacokinetics?

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Clin Pharmacokinet,2002;41(5):329-42. PMID: 12036391

49: Torsade de pointes induced by metoclopramide in an elderly woman with preexisting complete left bundle branch block.

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50: Risk of torsades de pointes from oral erythromycin with concomitant carbimazole (methimazole) administration.

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Pacing Clin Electrophysiol,2001 Oct;24(10):1575-6. PMID: 11707056

51: A risk-benefit assessment of levofloxacin in respiratory, skin and skin structure, and urinary tract infections.

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Drug Saf,2001;24(3):199-222. PMID: 11347723

52: The canine Purkinje fiber: an in vitro model system for acquired long QT syndrome and drug-induced arrhythmogenesis.

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58: Comparison of tegaserod (HTF 919) and its main human metabolite with cisapride and erythromycin on cardiac repolarization in the isolated rabbit heart.

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69: A study of the interaction between dirithromycin and astemizole in healthy adults.

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